Interacting with Other TrafficA Shared Responsibility

The Hierarchy of Road Users (Highway Code 2022)

The updated Highway Code places those most at risk in the event of a collision at the top. This means those who can cause the greatest harm have the greatest responsibility to reduce danger to others.

Cyclists

Cyclists are vulnerable and can be harder to spot. Always give them plenty of space.

• Give at least 1.5 metres space when overtaking at speeds up to 30 mph, more at higher speeds.
• Give priority to cyclists going straight ahead at junctions when you are turning.
• Check your blind spots for cyclists, especially before turning or opening your door ("Dutch Reach").
• Be aware of cycle lanes and Advanced Stop Lines (ASLs) at traffic lights.

M

Motorcyclists

Motorcyclists are fast-moving and can be harder to judge. Their size can make them seem further away than they are.

• Always do a quick double-check for motorcyclists before changing lanes or turning right.
• Be aware they may filter through slow-moving or stationary traffic.
• Give them extra room in windy conditions as they can be buffeted by gusts.
• Never assume they will react in the same way as a car.

Pedestrians

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users. Always be prepared for them to act unpredictably, especially children.

• At junctions, give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross a road you are turning into or from.
• You MUST give way to pedestrians on a zebra crossing.
• Be extra cautious near schools, parks, and busy urban areas.
• Look out for visually impaired pedestrians (white cane/dog) and allow them extra time.

Large Vehicles (HGVs, Buses)

Large vehicles have significant blind spots and require more space for manoeuvres.

• Stay out of their blind spots (often marked on the rear/side of HGVs). If you can't see their mirrors, they can't see you.
• Give them extra room when they are turning, especially left turns where the rear of the vehicle swings wide.
• Be aware of wind buffeting when passing large vehicles, particularly on motorways.
• Never cut in front of a large vehicle when approaching a junction or roundabout.

Emergency Vehicles

When you see or hear an emergency vehicle (police, fire, ambulance, coastguard) with flashing blue, red, or green lights and/or sirens:

• Stay calm.
• Look, listen, and assess the situation.
• Pull over safely and legally to let them pass, if possible.
• Do not break the law (e.g., run a red light, drive into a bus lane) to let them pass.
• Never endanger yourself or other road users.
• Once they have passed, ensure the road is clear before rejoining traffic.

Animals & Horse Riders

Animals, especially horses, can be easily startled. Always approach with extreme caution.

• Slow down to a maximum of 10 mph when approaching horses.
• Be prepared to stop.
• Pass wide and slow, allowing at least 2 metres of space.
• Do not sound your horn, rev your engine, or accelerate rapidly.
• Look out for farm animals on rural roads and be prepared for them to move unpredictably.